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          <section id="reticulum-network-stack-manual">
<h1>Reticulum Network Stack Manual<a class="headerlink" href="#reticulum-network-stack-manual" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>This manual aims to provide you with all the information you need to
understand Reticulum, build networks or develop programs using it, or
to participate in the development of Reticulum itself.</p>
<p>This manual is also available in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/releases/latest/download/Reticulum.Manual.pdf">PDF</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/releases/latest/download/Reticulum.Manual.epub">EPUB</a> formats.</p>
<section id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table Of Contents<a class="headerlink" href="#table-of-contents" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
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<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="whatis.html">What is Reticulum?</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatis.html#current-status">Current Status</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatis.html#what-does-reticulum-offer">What does Reticulum Offer?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatis.html#where-can-reticulum-be-used">Where can Reticulum be Used?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatis.html#interface-types-and-devices">Interface Types and Devices</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="whatis.html#caveat-emptor">Caveat Emptor</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html">Getting Started Fast</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#standalone-reticulum-installation">Standalone Reticulum Installation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#resolving-dependency-installation-issues">Resolving Dependency &amp; Installation Issues</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#try-using-a-reticulum-based-program">Try Using a Reticulum-based Program</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#remote-shell">Remote Shell</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#nomad-network">Nomad Network</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#sideband">Sideband</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#meshchat">MeshChat</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#using-the-included-utilities">Using the Included Utilities</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#creating-a-network-with-reticulum">Creating a Network With Reticulum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#connecting-reticulum-instances-over-the-internet">Connecting Reticulum Instances Over the Internet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#connect-to-the-public-testnet">Connect to the Public Testnet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#hosting-public-entrypoints">Hosting Public Entrypoints</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#adding-radio-interfaces">Adding Radio Interfaces</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#creating-and-using-custom-interfaces">Creating and Using Custom Interfaces</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#develop-a-program-with-reticulum">Develop a Program with Reticulum</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#participate-in-reticulum-development">Participate in Reticulum Development</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#platform-specific-install-notes">Platform-Specific Install Notes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#android">Android</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#arm64">ARM64</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#debian-bookworm">Debian Bookworm</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#macos">MacOS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#openwrt">OpenWRT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#raspberry-pi">Raspberry Pi</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#risc-v">RISC-V</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#ubuntu-lunar">Ubuntu Lunar</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstartedfast.html#pure-python-reticulum">Pure-Python Reticulum</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="using.html">Using Reticulum on Your System</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="using.html#configuration-data">Configuration &amp; Data</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="using.html#included-utility-programs">Included Utility Programs</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using.html#the-rnsd-utility">The rnsd Utility</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using.html#the-rnstatus-utility">The rnstatus Utility</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using.html#the-rnid-utility">The rnid Utility</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using.html#the-rnpath-utility">The rnpath Utility</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using.html#the-rnprobe-utility">The rnprobe Utility</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using.html#the-rncp-utility">The rncp Utility</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using.html#the-rnx-utility">The rnx Utility</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="using.html#the-rnodeconf-utility">The rnodeconf Utility</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="using.html#remote-management">Remote Management</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="using.html#improving-system-configuration">Improving System Configuration</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html">Understanding Reticulum</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#motivation">Motivation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#goals">Goals</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#introduction-basic-functionality">Introduction &amp; Basic Functionality</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#destinations">Destinations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#public-key-announcements">Public Key Announcements</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#understanding-identities">Identities</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#getting-further">Getting Further</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#reticulum-transport">Reticulum Transport</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#node-types">Node Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#the-announce-mechanism-in-detail">The Announce Mechanism in Detail</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#reaching-the-destination">Reaching the Destination</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#resources">Resources</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#reference-setup">Reference Setup</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#protocol-specifics">Protocol Specifics</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#packet-prioritisation">Packet Prioritisation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#interface-access-codes">Interface Access Codes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#wire-format">Wire Format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#announce-propagation-rules">Announce Propagation Rules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="understanding.html#cryptographic-primitives">Cryptographic Primitives</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html">Communications Hardware</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#combining-hardware-types">Combining Hardware Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#rnode">RNode</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#creating-rnodes">Creating RNodes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#supported-boards-and-devices">Supported Boards and Devices</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#wifi-based-hardware">WiFi-based Hardware</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#serial-lines-devices">Serial Lines &amp; Devices</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#packet-radio-modems">Packet Radio Modems</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="interfaces.html">Configuring Interfaces</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="interfaces.html#ax-25-kiss-interface">AX.25 KISS Interface</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="interfaces.html#announce-rate-control">Announce Rate Control</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="interfaces.html#new-destination-rate-limiting">New Destination Rate Limiting</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="networks.html">Building Networks</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="networks.html#example-scenarios">Example Scenarios</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="networks.html#interconnected-lora-sites">Interconnected LoRa Sites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="networks.html#bridging-over-the-internet">Bridging Over the Internet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="networks.html#growth-and-convergence">Growth and Convergence</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html#minimal">Minimal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html#announce">Announce</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html#broadcast">Broadcast</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html#echo">Echo</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html#link">Link</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html#example-identify">Identification</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html#requests-responses">Requests &amp; Responses</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html#channel">Channel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html#buffer">Buffer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html#filetransfer">Filetransfer</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html">API Reference</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html#RNS.Reticulum"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Reticulum</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html#RNS.Identity"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Identity</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html#RNS.Destination"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Destination</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html#RNS.Packet"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Packet</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html#RNS.PacketReceipt"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PacketReceipt</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html#RNS.Link"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Link</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html#RNS.RequestReceipt"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RequestReceipt</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html#RNS.Resource"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Resource</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html#RNS.Channel.Channel"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Channel</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html#RNS.MessageBase"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MessageBase</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html#RNS.Buffer"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Buffer</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html#RNS.RawChannelReader"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RawChannelReader</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html#RNS.RawChannelWriter"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RawChannelWriter</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reference.html#RNS.Transport"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Transport</span></code></a></li>
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